THE ROLE OF SOUND IN EIGHT DESIGN GUIDELINES OF MULTIMEDIA LEARNING Essay

THE ROLE OF SOUND IN EIGHT DESIGN GUIDELINES OF MULTIMEDIA LEARNING - Essay Example This paper presents a review of relevant literature along with the design guidelines of multimedia learning by the instructional designers in order to investigate what, when, and why they prefer to use sound in to their multimedia based learning courseware. The verbal information can be presented in multimedia learning courseware through various options. Latest techniques like streaming media files and podcasts, which require increased bandwidth, have also augmented the possibilities of integrating sound in to online-multimedia-learning-environments. The educational technology generally employs three basic audio elements which are music, speech, and sound effects (Mann, 2005). These elements enable the multimedia-learning-application to deliver information, convey emotions, attain direct attention, and provide feedback. The most powerful and expressive medium available to the designer for instructional messages is human speech (Mann, 2008). The instructional designers can make use of the attributes of sound such as pitch, loudness, tone and pace to motivate, educate and inform the students. The instructional designers must consider numerous variables while deciding for the sound or audio to be incorporated into their multimedia-learning courseware. Often, the sound to be selected as an instructional medium is self-evident, due to the characteristics of the target audience or the content of the course (Alessi & Trollip, 2001). For instance, sound is necessary for learning a new language, studying music, or discriminating sound effects such like sonar signals or heartbeats. Moreover, adults who are visually challenged or are incapable of reading or children who have not yet learned to read can benefit from the audio instructions (Beecue etal. , 2001). 1.1 Purpose The purpose of this research paper is to determine the role of sound in eight design guidelines of multimedia learning. This research objective can be achieved through investigating the following three r esearch questions: 1. What types of sound are implemented by the instructional designers? 2. Why sound is incorporated into multimedia learning? 3. When do instructional designers choose to incorporate sound into their multimedia based courseware? 2. What is Multimedia? Multimedia refers to the use of more than one media that includes text, animation, graphics, video, pictures and sound to provide information (Bagui, 1998; Clark & Feldon, 2005). Bagui (1998) suggests that the relationship between the multimedia and the natural way of human learning can be illustrated through the information processing theory that describes how human-mind receives and learns information, a process which can be related to an electronic computer (p. 3). Technology employed in computer-based and multimedia education has the potential to deliver massive information, however, the processing of such information by the human receptor – the learner may be limited. A study by Clark (1994) about the inf luence of media over learning investigates that whether or not the multimedia technology really works in learning? (Clark, 1994). According to the Dual-coding theory, people independently process separate channels of communication whereas the cue summation theory speculates that the human mind

Early years an infant mental health Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Early years an infant mental health - Assignment Example With the points made above, the use of circle of security will be identified as a vivid example of a strategy for gaining attachment that distinguishes love from secure attachment (Breggin & Breggin, 2009). One important aspect of the circle of security intervention that is going to be a immense help to subjects in the case study, especially the caregiver is that the intervention focuses not just on the child or the mother but on both the parent and the child. This is because Szalavitz and Perry (2010) examples that as a secure attachment bonding intervention, circle of security focuses attention on a child’s emotional connection with the primary caregiver, who in this case is Emma. This type of emotional connection takes a very long walk in the life of the child and caregiver, starting from birth and developing at a very rapid rate into the first two years of the child’s life, and thereafter. The core merit of the circle of security therefore has to do with the fact th at the nature attachment and bond that needs to be developed between the mother and child will start right from the onset of the intervention because it does not isolate the emotional needs of the child from the series of tasks that are designed in equipping the caregiver with the skills of offering secure attachment.Another important aspect of the proposed intervention is that it is made up of well identified stages that make it possible for the service provider to clearly identify the needs of the patient and rightly apportion remedies to them. (Daws, 2009). For example the pre-intervention stage is to undertake a child and caregiver classification and rating that seek to rightly measure and quantify the degree of child and caregiver problem. This is however done as a product of the assessment procedures that are carried out. In often times, the child and caregiver classifications and ratings will be undertaken as a codification process for the results that are gathered at the pre -intervention level. For example from a child’s perspective where videotapes and questionnaires are used in the assessment data collection, a clinical psychologists will code the results